- example of programming in each language
| Machine Languages · First generations languages ü The most basic of programming languages ü Strings of binary codes unique to each computer ü Requires specific knowledge of the internal operations of the CPU being used ü Must specift the storage locations for every instruction and item of data used ü Difficult to work with, and error prone | Assembler Languages · Second generation languages ü Developed to reduce difficulties in writing machine language programs ü Uses assemblers to convert the programs into machine instructions ü Symbols are usef to represent operation codes and storage locations ü Alphabetic addreviations call mnemonies and other symbols represent operation codes, storage locations,and data element. |
| High-Level Languages · Third generation languages ü Uses brief statements or arithmetic expressions ü Statements translated into machine language by compilers or interpreters ü Less efficient than assembler languages and requires greater translation time ü Machine independent ü Example: BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN | Fourth-Generation Languages · Variety of programming languages that are nonprocedural and conversational ü Encourages programmers to specify the result wanted: the computer determines the sequence of instructions that accomplishes the results ü Simplified the programming process · Natural languages ü Very close to English or other human languages ü Sometimes called fifth-generation (5GLs) ü No longer a trade-off between ease of use and flexibility. |
No comments:
Post a Comment